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Portable Shinto shrines: past and present

https://doi.org/10.24411/2500-2872-2019-10010

Abstract

The article is devoted to the divine palanquins (portable Shinto shrines) from Shirohige Jinja, Komadome Hachiman Jinja, Kasuga Jinja, Kasai Jinja, Kuramae Jinja, Tomioka Hachimangu, Atago Jinja, Shibuya Hikawa Jinja, Otama Inari Jinja, Tomigaoka Hachimangu of the Tokyo Metropolitan area, currently used during Shinto religious festivals, so-called matsuri. Nowadays, like in ancient times, the divine palanquins are one of the main attributes of Shinto festivals in Japan. They began to be widely used in urban religious festivals since the middle of the Heian period. The author describes the shrines to which the ten palanquins belong, and reveals the characteristic features of religious, architectural, and decorative components of the palanquins, dividing their construction into three main parts: the bars, using which they are carried, the base, and the shrine. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of their rich decorations. The décor of the base of the divine palanquins includes a black lacquer coating, metallic decorative components, foliage, and geometric patterns. Also, the décor can include relief compositions. The storyline contents of the décor of the divine palanquins bases can be devoted to the animals of the Chinese zodiac, the four beasts of Chinese astronomy, and games of fantastic animals karashishi and komainu. The décor of the walls of the divine palanquins may include carved compositions on the western and eastern facade, depicting stories from the “Kojiki” and the “Nihongi”, with zoomorphic motives of birds against the background of waves. The main décor can include the image of emperor Jimmu with a kite on his hand, or an image of goddess Amaterasu. The shape of the roofs of all divine palanquins is based on the Buddhist style of architecture used in the construction of pagodas. Based on the comparison of the palanquins made in the 18th - early 20th centuries with the modern ones, the author comes to conclusions about their design features. The article is supplemented by photographs which illustrate the variety of the palanquins’ décor.

About the Author

G. B. Spiridonov

Russian Federation


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Review

For citations:


Spiridonov G.B. Portable Shinto shrines: past and present. Japanese Studies in Russia. 2019;(2):20-39. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.24411/2500-2872-2019-10010

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