Preview

Japanese Studies in Russia

Advanced search

The place of historical memory in perception of China by Japanese society

https://doi.org/10.24411/2500-2872-2019-10031

Abstract

Despite the strong economic gravity between Japan and China, there are still many social factors that pull the countries away from each other. One of such factors is the negative image of the partner, which is largely related to the memory of World War II. Perception of China in Japanese society has been changing over the post-war decades. After Japan’s surrender and occupation of the country by the Allied Powers, political, economic, and cultural distance between the two countries grew. This led to a “lapse of memory” related to China among the post-war generation of the Japanese. Interest towards China in Japan started growing after some time had passed since the normalization of Sino-Japanese relations (1972) - from late 1980s-early 1990s, as the contacts between the countries on different levels became more and more active. The image of China in Japan deteriorated dramatically for the first time after the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests, which demonstrated that China was an unsafe country with a repressive state machine. The attitude of Japanese society to China has been worsening since then for various reasons. Starting from the 1990s, new problems emerged, including the struggle for geopolitical influence, global competition, pollution of environment and bad quality of Chinese products, problems of communication with Chinese business partners, growing number of Chinese tourists in Japan, etc. As Sino-Japanese relations became more complicated, the problem of historical memory emerged more and more vividly. This problem fits into the whole picture of controversies accumulated in the Sino-Japanese relations and intensifies some of them. Despite the unfavorable perception of China by the Japanese society, signs of improvement can be seen in the last few years, especially among the younger generation. Many young Japanese view China and the prospects of developing bilateral relations positively. Contacts with China give more opportunities to understand this country better, and close economic ties make the influence of political factors less obvious.

About the Author

P. V. Kulneva
Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Russian Federation


References

1. Агентство Рейтер. URL: http://jp.reuters.com/article/JPauto/idJPTYE89401N20121005 (дата обращения: 01.12.2012).

2. Бенедикт Р. Хризантема и меч: модели японской культуры. М.-СПб., 2013.

3. Дай 14-кай ниттю кёдо ёрон тёса : [14-е совместное исследование общественного мнения в Японии и Китае]. URL: http://www.genron-npo.net/world/archives/7053.html (дата обращения: 28.04.2019). (На яп.).

4. Йомиури симбун. URL: http://www.yomiuri.co.jp/atcars/news/20121006-OYT8T00273.htm (дата обращения: 01.12.2012).

5. Кайгай дзэми гассюку 2012 санкася-но кансобун (кикоку рэпото ёри) : [Впечатления студентов от учебной поездки в Китай в 2012 г. по возвращении]. URL: http://www.kisc.meiji.ac.jp/~asiashi/images/report005.pdf (дата обращения: 08.08.2019). (На яп.).

6. Кимура М. Сюсё-но Ясукуни сампай. Асахи-но ёрон тёса-дэ мо 6 вари сансэй : [Посещение премьером храма Ясукуни. По данным опроса общественного мнения газетой «Асахи», 60 % поддерживают]. URL: https://news.yahoo.co.jp/byline/kimuramasato/20131230-00031149/ (дата обращения: 13.08.2019). (На яп.).

7. Ковригин Е.Б. Япония - АСЕАН: эволюция официальной помощи развитию // Пространственная экономика. 2014. № 2. С. 40-74.

8. Ковригин Е.Б. Япония - Китай: официальная помощь развитию как инструмент экономического взаимодействия // Пространственная экономика. 2012. № 3. С. 9-33.

9. Лю Цзянъюн. Чжунго юй Жибэнь. Бяньхуачжун-дэ «чжэнлэн-цзиньжэ» гуаньси : [Китай и Япония. Меняющиеся отношения «политической холодности - экономического бума»]. Пекин, 2007. (На кит.).

10. Майнити симбун. URL: http://mainichi.jp/select/news/20121006k0000m020098000c.html (дата обращения: 01.12.2012).

11. Молодякова Э.В. Многоаспектность проблемы святилища Ясукуни // Япония. Ежегодник. М., 2007.

12. Найкакуфу ёрон тёса : [Опрос общественного мнения Кабинетом министров]. URL: https://survey.gov-online.go.jp/h25/h25-gaiko/zh/z10.html (дата обращения: 14.04.2019). (На яп.).

13. Нихон кэйдзай симбун : [Японская экономическая газета]. URL: https://www.nikkei.com/article/DGXNASDG1503D_V10C12A9CC1000/ (дата обращения: 03.08.2019).

14. Сё Гёсэй. Рэкиси кёкасё мондай-о мэгуру ниттю канкэй : [Проблема учебников истории в японо-китайских отношениях] // Сока дайгаку дайгакуин киё. 2003, № 25. (На яп.).

15. Тюгоку рисуку манэдзимэнто кэнкюкай. Хококусё : [Отчёт Ассоциации по исследованию управления рисками в Китае] // ДЖЕТРО. 2013. URL: https://www.jetro.go.jp/ext_images/jfile/report/07001515/07001515.pdf (дата обращения: 07.08.2019). (На яп.).

16. Хиракава С. 40-дай нихондзин-но Тюгокукан-о сагуру : [Исследуя восприятие Китая японцами, родившимися в 40-е годы]. 2005. URL: https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/46867540.pdf (дата обращения: 11.04.2019). (На яп.).

17. Arai S. History Textbooks in Twentieth Century Japan: A Chronological Overview // Journal of Educational Media, Memory & Society, Vol. 2, No. 2, Special Issue: Contextualizing School Textbook Revision (AUTUMN 2010). URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/43049355 (дата обращения: 05.08.2019).

18. Fukuoka K. School History Textbooks and Historical memories in Japan: A Study of Reception // International Journal of Politics, Culture, and Society. Vol. 24, No. 3/4 (September/December 2011). URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/41478430 (дата обращения: 01.08.2019).

19. NHK. URL: http://www.nhk.or.jp/gendai/articles/3248/1.html (дата обращения: 08.08.2019).

20. Nozaki Y. War Memory, Nationalism and Education in Postwar Japan, 1945-2007: The Japanese history textbook controversy and Ienaga Saburo’s court challenges. Routledge, 2008.

21. Ogata S. Japanese Attitude toward China // Asian Survey, Vol. 5, No. 8 (Aug., 1965).

22. Postwar Japan and History / ed. by Andrew Gordon. University of California Press. London, 1993.

23. Pyle, Kenneth B. Japan Besieged: The Textbook Controversy // Journal of Japanese Studies, Vol. 9, No. 2 (1983). URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/132295 (дата обращения: 01.08.2019).

24. Record China. URL: https://www.recordchina.co.jp/b724422-s0-c20-d0054.html (дата обращения: 19.08.2019).

25. Searchina. URL: http://news.searchina.ne.jp/disp.cgi?y=2012&d=0912&f=business_0912_161.shtml (дата обращения: 01.12.2012).

26. Wilson S. Film and Soldier: Japanese War Movies in the 1950s // Journal of Contemporary History, Vol. 48, No. 3 (JULY 2013).

27. Zakowski K. Reaction to Popular Pressure or a Political Tool? Different Interpretations of China’s Policy Regarding Koizumi’s Visits to the Yasukuni Shrine // Journal of Contemporary Eastern Asia. 2012. Oct, 11(2).


Review

For citations:


Kulneva P.V. The place of historical memory in perception of China by Japanese society. Japanese Studies in Russia. 2019;(4):103-119. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.24411/2500-2872-2019-10031

Views: 310


Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.


ISSN 2500-2872 (Online)