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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">japanjournal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Японские исследования</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Japanese Studies in Russia</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2500-2872</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Association of Japanologists; Institute of China and Modern Asia of the Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24412/2500-2872-2021-2-127-139</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">japanjournal-93</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>«Монахи О:баку» как отражение истории формирования учения в Японии периода Эдо (1603-1868)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>“Ōbaku monks” in the history of the formation of the Ōbaku sect in Japan during the Edo period (1603-1868)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6531-4743</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лугавцова</surname><given-names>А. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lugavtsova</surname><given-names>A. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">alena.karnap@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт монголоведения, буддологии и тибетологии Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Culturology and Religious Studies, Institute for Mongolian, Buddhist and Tibetan Studies of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>12</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>127</fpage><lpage>139</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Лугавцова А.П., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Лугавцова А.П.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Lugavtsova A.P.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.japanjournal.ru/jour/article/view/93">https://www.japanjournal.ru/jour/article/view/93</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье рассматриваются история формирования учения О:баку-дзэн и роль, которую в этом процессе сыграли так называемые «монахи О:баку». Школа О:баку, третье направление японского дзэн-буддизма, появилась на Японских островах в период Эдо (1603-1868) благодаря прибытию китайских эмигрантов. Период Эдо в истории Японии во многом характеризует введение властями политики изоляции от внешнего мира, и появление учения О:баку, фактически заимствованного из Китая во время «закрытия» страны, оказало влияние не только на буддийское сообщество страны, но и на формирование культурного облика эпохи. Успешное закрепление в Японии учения О:баку, олицетворявшего духовное наследие минского Китая, обеспечило целый комплекс условий, среди которых стоит выделить усилия основателя школы Иньюаня Лунци (1592-1673), его учеников и японских последователей, составивших институт «монахов О:баку». Кроме того, в состав «монахов О:баку» также включают китайских буддийских священников, селившихся в Нагасаки с начала XVII в. Во многом благодаря им в Нагасаки сформировалась мощная диаспора, обладавшая достаточной материальной базой и влиянием, чтобы пригласить именитого учителя с родины, которым впоследствии стал Иньюань. В истории успеха учения О:баку роль личности особенно важна, поскольку продуктивное взаимодействие с японскими властями, обретение материальной поддержки и прирост новообращённых во многом зависели от авторитета и харизмы наставников О:баку, перед которыми стояла сложная задача распространить на новой земле «слово Учителя». Биографии выдающихся представителей школы О:баку в полной мере отражают историю формирования учения с его взлётами и падениями. Монахи О:баку, помимо религиозной и творческой деятельности, много времени уделяли общению с народом и помощи мирянам, формируя положительный облик школы в глазах японского населения. Разносторонняя активность последователей школы - как китайцев, так и японцев - внесла весомый вклад во всплеск популярности О:баку в Японии в период Эдо.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This article examines the history of the formation of the Ōbaku Zen sect and the role that the so-called “Ōbaku monks” played in this process. The Ōbaku sect is the third school of Japanese Zen Buddhism, which appeared in Japan during the Edo period (1603-1868) due to Chinese immigrants. The Edo period of the history of Japan is often characterized by the isolationist foreign policy enacted by the Tokugawa shogunate, thus the emergence of the Ōbaku sect, which was actually borrowed from China during the isolation, had an impact not only on the Japanese Buddhist community, but also on the formation of the cultural image of the period. The successful establishment of the Ōbaku school, representing the spiritual heritage of Ming China, resulted from many aspects, and one of the most noteworthy points was the efforts of the founder of the school, Yinyuan Longqi (1592-1673), his students and Japanese followers, who formed a group of “Ōbaku monks”. In addition, the “Ōbaku monks” also included Chinese Buddhist priests who settled in Nagasaki since the beginning of the 17th century. Largely due to them, a powerful Chinese diaspora appeared in Nagasaki, which had a sufficient material base and influence to invite an eminent Buddhist monk (later it was decided to choose Yinyuan) from China. It is clear that the role of the individual in the story of success of the Ōbaku in Japan is especially important. Ōbaku masters had to productively interact with the Japanese authorities, get material support and convert new members of the sect relying mainly on their authority and charisma, because they had a difficult task to spread «the word of the Teacher» across the new land. The biographies of prominent Ōbaku monks fully reflect the history of the formation of the doctrine with its ups and downs. Not only did they engage in religious and creative activities, but they also devoted a lot of time to communicating and helping the lay people, forming a positive image of the school in the eyes of the Japanese. The various activities of the followers of the school - both Chinese and Japanese - contributed significantly to the surge in popularity of Ōbaku in Japan during the Edo period.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Япония</kwd><kwd>Китай</kwd><kwd>период Эдо</kwd><kwd>буддизм</kwd><kwd>О:баку</kwd><kwd>дзэн</kwd><kwd>монахи О:баку</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Japan</kwd><kwd>China</kwd><kwd>the Edo period</kwd><kwd>Buddhism</kwd><kwd>Ōbaku</kwd><kwd>Zen</kwd><kwd>Ōbaku monks</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Буддизм в Японии / под ред. Григорьевой Т.П. Москва: Наука. 1993</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Буддизм в Японии / под ред. Григорьевой Т.П. Москва: Наука. 1993</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лугавцова А.П. 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