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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">japanjournal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Японские исследования</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Japanese Studies in Russia</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2500-2872</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Association of Japanologists; Institute of China and Modern Asia of the Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24412/2500-2872-2021-1-80-100</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">japanjournal-82</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Демографический взрыв в Японии периода Мэйдзи</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Demographic explosion in Meiji Japan</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6004-5743</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мещеряков</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Meshcheryakov</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">meshtorop@yahoo.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики» (НИУ ВШЭ)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National research university “Higher school of economics” (HSE University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>12</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>80</fpage><lpage>100</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Мещеряков А.Н., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Мещеряков А.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Meshcheryakov A.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.japanjournal.ru/jour/article/view/82">https://www.japanjournal.ru/jour/article/view/82</self-uri><abstract><p>В период Мэйдзи население Японии возросло с 33 млн человек до 53 млн 362 тыс. человек. Причины такого быстрого роста остаются не вполне ясными. Обычно упоминают о развитии медицины и улучшении гигиенических навыков населения, об экономическом развитии и повышении уровня жизни, об уходящей в прошлое практике инфантицида. Однако эти объяснения представляются недостаточными. В данной статье мы пытаемся более детально разобраться, чем конкретно был обусловлен демографический взрыв периода Мэйдзи. Мы предполагаем, что основным фактором увеличения населения стал рост коэффициента брачности, на что раньше не обращалось должного внимания. Демографическая теория считает, что между традиционным типом воспроизводства (высокая рождаемость и высокая смертность) и современным (низкая рождаемость и низкая смертность) существует промежуточный этап. Он характеризуется уменьшением смертности, при которой рождаемость остается какое-то время высокой. Это и приводит к ускорению прироста населения. Однако японский исторический опыт свидетельствует, что эта теория, разработанная прежде всего на европейском материале, оказывается применима к Японии лишь с существенными оговорками: значимый рост населения начинается во вторую половину периода Мэйдзи в условиях, когда уровень смертности ещё не падает. Он начинает опускаться только со второй половины 1920-х годов, то есть рост рождаемости предшествовал уменьшению смертности. Только после этого мы наблюдаем синхронное понижение как смертности, так и рождаемости. Таким образом, в течение полувека японская практика «игнорировала» западную теорию.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>During the Meiji period, the population of Japan increased from 33 million to 53 million 362 thousand people. The reasons for this rapid growth remain unclear. Usually, scholars mention the development of medicine and the improvement of the hygienic skills of the population, economic development, an increase in the standard of living, the reduction of infanticide. However, these explanations appear to be insufficient. In this article, I am trying to understand in more detail what exactly caused the population explosion of the Meiji period. I conclude that the main factor contributing to the increase of the population was the growth of the marriage rate, which was not paid due attention to before. The demographic theory believes that there is an intermediate stage between the traditional type of reproduction (high fertility and high mortality) and the modern (low fertility and low mortality). It is characterized by a decrease in mortality, while the birth rate remains high for some time. This leads to an increase of population and accelerates population growth. However, the Japanese historical experience shows that this theory, developed primarily on European sources, turns out to be applicable to Japan only with significant reservations: significant population growth begins in the second half of the Meiji period in conditions when the mortality rate has not yet dropped. It begins to decline only in the second half of the 1920s. That means that the increase in the birth rate preceded the decrease in mortality. Only after that do we observe a synchronous decrease in both mortality and fertility. Thus, for half a century, Japanese realities "ignored" Western theory.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Япония</kwd><kwd>период Мэйдзи</kwd><kwd>причины демографического взрыва</kwd><kwd>коэффициент брачности</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Japan</kwd><kwd>Meiji period</kwd><kwd>reasons for the population explosion</kwd><kwd>marriage rate</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Вишневский А.Г. Демографическая история и демографическая теория. М.: Издательский дом Высшей школы экономики, 2019.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Вишневский А.Г. Демографическая история и демографическая теория. М.: Издательский дом Высшей школы экономики, 2019.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мещеряков А.Н. 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