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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">japanjournal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Японские исследования</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Japanese Studies in Russia</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2500-2872</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Association of Japanologists; Institute of China and Modern Asia of the Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24412/2500-2872-2021-1-64-79</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">japanjournal-81</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Волшебный фонарь, кинематограф и их японские имена</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Magic lantern, cinema, and their Japanese names</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9931-053X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фёдорова</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fedorova</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">aafedorova@hse.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики» (НИУ ВШЭ)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National research university “Higher school of economics” (HSE University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>12</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>64</fpage><lpage>79</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Фёдорова А.А., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Фёдорова А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Fedorova A.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.japanjournal.ru/jour/article/view/81">https://www.japanjournal.ru/jour/article/view/81</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье рассмотрен процесс восприятия оптических и проекционных технологий Запада в Японии XVIII-XX вв. Эти заимствования обеспечили развитие кинематографа, телевидения, других современных медиа. Кинематограф был завезён в Японию в конце XIX в. и быстро приспособлен к культурным особенностям страны, однако несмотря на существенное влияние традиционного японского театра, литературы и живописи, кино в Японии во многом продолжает ассоциироваться с культурно-эстетическим влиянием Запада. Встрече японцев с киноаппаратом предшествовало их знакомство с телескопом, фотоаппаратом, микроскопом, камерой-обскурой, волшебным фонарём, другими западными изобретениями. Распространение этих приборов способствовало установлению в Японии ассоциативной связи между странами Запада и процессами механизации оптики, усовершенствованием методов видения, что в свою очередь повлияло на специфику восприятия кинематографа. Волшебный фонарь ( laterna magica ), получивший широкое распространение в Европе XVIII-XIX вв. и положивший основу для развития большинства современных проекционных аппаратов, был завезён в Японию дважды: во второй половине XVIII в. (через Нагасаки) и после реставрации Мэйдзи (1868), когда был принят курс на форсированную вестернизацию страны. Волшебный фонарь эпохи Эдо, получивший название уцуси-э , воспринимался исключительно как массовое зрелище, элемент низовой, городской культуры развлечения, в то время как мэйдзийский волшебный фонарь гэнто: активно использовался властями в образовательных и пропагандистских целях. Кинематограф в Японии унаследовал обе традиции волшебного фонаря, а также их терминологию. Иероглиф ся ( уцусу ), используемый для обозначений эдоского волшебного фонаря уцуси-э , мы находим в термине «движущиеся картинки» ( кацудо: сясин ), используемом в Японии 1900-х - 1910-х гг. для обозначения кинематографа. Пришедшее ему на смену на рубеже 1910-х - 1920-х гг. слово эйга тоже было заимствовано из терминологии волшебного фонаря, только уже мэйдзийского - словом эйга именовались в эпоху Мэйдзи стеклянные слайды, используемые во время лекционно-просветительских представлений фонаря гэнто: . В статье прослеживаются основные вехи развития волшебного фонаря в Японии, анализируется влияние его терминологии на формирование социального статуса кино в Японии, указываются дальнейшие перспективы изучения японских визуальных медиа в контексте их взаимодействия с «западной» культурой видения.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This paper examines the perception of Western optics and projection technologies in Japan from the 18th through the 20th centuries, which led to the development of film, television, and other forms of media. Film was brought to Japan at the end of the 19th century and was quickly adapted to local cultural specificities. Despite the influence of traditional Japanese theater, literature, and painting, film in Japan continues to be heavily associated with the cultural and aesthetic influence of the West. Japan’s introduction to film was preceded by its encounters with the telescope, microscope, camera obscura, magic lantern, and other Western technologies. The circulation of these devices contributed to the formation of an associative link between the West, the improvement of vision, and the mechanization of optics, which affected Japan’s perception of cinema. The magic lantern (which became widespread in Europe in the 18th and 19th centuries and laid the foundation for the development of the majority of contemporary projection devices) was brought to Japan twice: in the second half of the 18th century (through Nagasaki), and after the Meiji Restoration (1868), when the politics of Westernization were adopted. The magic lantern of the Edo period, known as utsushi-e , was regarded as a mass spectacle, an element of low, urban entertainment culture, while gentō (imported during the Meiji era) was actively employed by the authorities for educational and propaganda purposes. Japanese film has inherited much from both of these media, including their terminology. The Japanese kanji sha ( utsusu ) used in the word utsushi-e can be found in the term katsudō shashin , used in the 1900s and early 1910s to denote cinema. The term eiga , which replaced katsudō shashin by the late 1910s and early 1920s, was initially used to denote glass slides for the projection of gentō . This paper traces the major milestones in the development of Japanese laterna magica , analyzes its influence on the formation of specific terminology as well as on the social status of film in Japan, and indicates further prospects for studying Japanese media in the context of its interactions with the “culture of seeing” generally associated with the West.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>кинематограф Японии</kwd><kwd>волшебный фонарь</kwd><kwd>уцуси-э</kwd><kwd>массовая культура</kwd><kwd>оптика</kwd><kwd>японская анимация</kwd><kwd>реставрация Мэйдзи</kwd><kwd>культурный диалог</kwd><kwd>Япония и Запад</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Japanese film</kwd><kwd>magic lantern</kwd><kwd>utsushi-e</kwd><kwd>mass culture</kwd><kwd>optics</kwd><kwd>Japanese animation</kwd><kwd>Meiji restoration</kwd><kwd>cultural dialogue</kwd><kwd>Japan and the West</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Фёдорова А.А. 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