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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">japanjournal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Японские исследования</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Japanese Studies in Russia</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2500-2872</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Association of Japanologists; Institute of China and Modern Asia of the Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.55105/2500-2872-2026-1-21-48</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">japanjournal-652</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИССЛЕДОВАТЕЛЬСКИЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>RESEARCH ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Оценка общей эффективности институтов развития водородной энергетики в Японии и Китае</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Assessment of the overall effectiveness of institutions for the development of hydrogen energy in Japan and China</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3930-6309</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Корнеев</surname><given-names>К. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Korneev</surname><given-names>K. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Корнеев Константин Анатольевич, кандидат исторических наук, старший научный сотрудник</p><p>117997, Москва, Нахимовский пр-т, 32</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Korneev Konstantin A., Candidate of Sciences (world history), Senior Researcher</p><p>32, Nakhimovsky Av., Moscow, 117997</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">korneev@iccaras.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5851-8393</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шахрай</surname><given-names>С. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shakhrai</surname><given-names>S. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шахрай Сергей Михайлович, доктор юридических наук, профессор, Заслуженный юрист Российской Федерации, руководитель Центра сравнительного государствоведения; директор Института правоведения РГГУ</p><p>117997, Москва, Нахимовский пр-т, 32</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Shakhrai Sergei M., Doctor of Sciences (law), Professor, Honored Lawyer of the Russian Federation, Head of the Center for Comparative Government Studies; Director of Institute for Law, RSUH</p><p>32, Nakhimovsky Av., Moscow, 117997</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ezik2002@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт Китая и Современной Азии РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of China and Contemporary Asia of the RAS</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>04</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>21</fpage><lpage>48</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Корнеев К.А., Шахрай С.М., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Корнеев К.А., Шахрай С.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Korneev K.A., Shakhrai S.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.japanjournal.ru/jour/article/view/652">https://www.japanjournal.ru/jour/article/view/652</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье рассматриваются вопросы оценки эффективности институтов, способствующих внедрению водородной энергетики в Японии и Китае. Актуальность такого исследования обусловлена стремлением стран к декарбонизации энергетического сектора и необходимостью системного анализа институциональных механизмов, которые определяют «успешность» перехода на водородные технологии и решения. В качестве теоретической основы применяется авторский индекс оценки институтов, разработанный как комплексный метрический инструмент. Методология его расчета предполагает взвешенную оценку четырех ключевых критериев: правовой эффективности, экономической эффективности, операционной эффективности и социальной эффективности. Для каждого критерия выделены специфические подкритерии, что позволяет учесть такие параметры, как зрелость института, влияние на отрасль и соответствие международным стандартам. Верификация значений и показателей проводилась на основе профильной литературы, статистических данных и экспертных оценок, что обеспечивает высокую достоверность полученных результатов. Предложенный индекс интегрирует количественные и качественные параметры, что позволяет оценить не только текущее состояние институтов, но увидеть «долгосрочный» потенциал.</p><p>Общая методология исследования основана на сравнительном анализе двух государств, где Япония выступает примером раннего внедрения водородных технологий, а Китай демонстрирует ускоренное развитие в данной области при активном правительственном регулировании. Особое внимание уделено влиянию институциональной среды на преодоление барьеров, например, высокой стоимости водородных технологий и недостаточного развития инфраструктуры хранения и транспортировки. В статье показано, что предложенный индекс позволяет выявлять структурные уязвимости и сформировать целевые рекомендации для повышения эффективности институтов, а это имеет немалую практическую значимость для стран, стремящихся к внедрению водородных систем в том или ином виде. Результаты исследования явно подтверждают гипотезу о том, что грамотное сочетание технологической и институциональной эффективности является критическим значимым фактором в контексте успешного развития водородной энергетики, и разработанный авторский индекс может стать универсальным инструментом для сравнительного анализа институциональных траекторий в различных странах, конечно, с учетом их национальной специфики.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This article addresses the issues related to assessing the effectiveness of institutions that contribute to the introduction of hydrogen energy in Japan and China. The relevance of such research is due to these countries’ pursuit of decarbonization in their energy sectors and the need for systematic analysis of institutional mechanisms determining the success of transition to hydrogen technologies and solutions. As theoretical foundation, an original index developed by the authors as a comprehensive metric tool is applied. The methodology of its calculation assumes a balanced assessment of four key criteria: legal efficiency, economic efficiency, operational efficiency, and social efficiency. Specific subcriteria are identified for each criterion, which makes it possible to take into account such parameters as the maturity of the institute, the impact on the industry, and compliance with international standards. Verification of values and indicators was carried out on the basis of relevant literature, statistical data, and expert assessments, which ensures high reliability of the results obtained. The proposed index integrates quantitative and qualitative parameters, which makes it possible to assess not only the current state of institutions, but also their “long-term” potential. This proposed index integrates quantitative and qualitative parameters including access to funding, regulatory framework, and technological development level, allowing evaluation of not only the current state, but also long-term potential of institutions. The general methodology is based on comparative analysis between two states, where Japan serves as an example of early adoption of hydrogen technologies, while China demonstrates accelerated growth in this field with active government regulation. Special atte tion is given to the impact of institutional environment on overcoming barriers, such as high cost of hydrogen technologies and insufficient infrastructure for storage and tran sportation. The study demonstrates that the proposed index can identify structural vulnerabilities and provide targeted recommendations to enhance institutional efficiency, which has significant practical implications for countries aiming at implementing va rious forms of hydrogen systems. The results clearly confirm the hypothesis that combination of technological and institutional efficiency is a critically important factor for successful development of hydrogen energy, making the index developed by the authors a universal tool for comparative analysis of institutional trajectories across different countries, taking into account their specific features.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Водородная энергетика</kwd><kwd>стратегии и планы развития</kwd><kwd>институты и механизмы</kwd><kwd>индекс оценки</kwd><kwd>сравнительные характеристики</kwd><kwd>Япония</kwd><kwd>Китай</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Hydrogen energy</kwd><kwd>strategies and development plans</kwd><kwd>institutions and mechanisms</kwd><kwd>evaluation index</kwd><kwd>comparative characteristics</kwd><kwd>Japan</kwd><kwd>China</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Коммонс Дж.Р. 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