<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">japanjournal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Японские исследования</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Japanese Studies in Russia</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2500-2872</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Association of Japanologists; Institute of China and Modern Asia of the Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.55105/2500-2872-2026-1-5-20</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">japanjournal-651</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИССЛЕДОВАТЕЛЬСКИЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>RESEARCH ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Японский Красный Крест и его деятельность по оказанию помощи русским военнопленным в 1904—1905 гг.</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Japanese Red Cross Society and its activities in providing assistance to Russian prisoners of war in 1904—1905</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0200-6719</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гончар</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gonchar</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гончар Владимир Владимирович, доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры стоматологии</p><p>680009, г. Хабаровск, ул. Краснодарская, д. 9</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Gonchar Vladimir V., Dr. Sci. Med., Professor</p><p>Khabarovsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">goncharvv@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8366-574X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Поволоцкий</surname><given-names>В. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Povolotsky</surname><given-names>V. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Поволоцкий Владимир Дмитриевич, востоковед-филолог, переводчик японского языка</p><p>680009, г. Хабаровск, ул. Краснодарская, д. 9</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Povolotsky Vladimir D., Orientalistphilologist, Russian-Japanese interpreter</p><p>Khabarovsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vladpovo@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>КГБОУ ДПО Институт повышения квалификации специалистов здравоохранения</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Postgraduate Institute for Public Health Workers</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>КГБОУ ДПО Институт повышения квалификации специалистов здравоохранения Министерства здравоохранения Хабаровского края</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Postgraduate Institute for Public Health Workers</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>04</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>5</fpage><lpage>20</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Гончар В.В., Поволоцкий В.Д., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гончар В.В., Поволоцкий В.Д.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gonchar V.V., Povolotsky V.D.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.japanjournal.ru/jour/article/view/651">https://www.japanjournal.ru/jour/article/view/651</self-uri><abstract><p>Статья посвящена изучению деятельности Японского общества Красного Креста (ЯОКК) по организации и непосредственному оказанию медицинской и гуманитарной помощи раненым и больным российским военнопленным и интернированным лицам во время Русско-японской войны (1904— 1905 гг.). Выяснено, что с момента присоединения Японии к международному движению Красного Креста в 1886 г., гуманитарная деятельность в рамках этой организации была основана на западных ценностях и практиках того времени с вовлечением как штатных сотрудников, военных медиков, так и волонтеров. Авторы, на основе японской статистики, показывают общие объемы и масштабы проведенных Японским Красным Крестом спасательных операций, как на театре боевых действий, так и в тылу в период войны с Россией. Стремясь соответствовать идеалам западного гуманизма и подчеркивая свой нейтральный статус, ЯОКК пыталось повысить международный престиж Японии как «цивилизованной» страны, не просто путем соблюдения уже установленных международных принципов ведения войны, а создавая новые гуманитарные практики во время боевых действий. На примере известных исторических сюжетов Русско-японской войны, используя материалы японского происхождения, авторы рисуют картину деятельности общества, концентрируя внимание на накопление сил и средств, проведение спасательных и гуманитарных операций, организацию эвакуационной, санитарной, медицинской и бытовой работы. Представляется также и работа рядовых членов общества, волонтеров по осуществлению квалифицированного сестринского ухода, решению хозяйственных вопросов и обустройству повседневной жизни пребывающих в японском плену больных и раненых российских солдат. В статье дана оценка этой деятельности от людей, непосредственно получивших помощь от японской стороны. Авторы делают вывод о том, что в изучаемый период ЯОКК, фактически являясь подразделением японских вооруженных сил, сыграло существенную роль не только в про ведении новой гуманитарной политики японского руководства, но и было организатором сестринского дела в стране по американским и европейским моделям. Тем не менее, гуманитарии западного мира продолжали оценивать Японию как страну «второго порядка», нуждающуюся в наставничестве «западных учителей».</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article focuses on the study of the activities of the Japanese Red Cross Society (JRCS) during the Russo-Japanese War (1904—1905) in organizing and directly providing medical and humanitarian aid to wounded and sick Russian prisoners of war and internees. It was found that, since Japan’s accession to the International Red Cross Movement in 1886, humanitarian activities within this organization were based on Western values and practices of that time, involving both full-time employees and volunteers. The authors display the overall volume and scale of rescue operations carried out by the Japanese Red Cross, both in the theater of military operations and in the rear during the war with Russia. Striving to match the ideals of Western humanism and emphasizing its neutral status, the JRCS tried to enhance the international status of Japan as a “civilized” country, not just by adhering to the already established international principles of warfare, but creating new humanitarian practices during military operations. Using the example of wellknown historical events of the Russo-Japanese War, using materials of Japanese origin, the authors reconstruct the complete picture of the society's activities, focusing on the accumulation of forces and resources, conduct of rescue and humanitarian operations, organization of evacuation, sanitary, medical, and everyday support work. It also seems possible to presents the work of ordinary members of the society and volunteers to carry out qualified nursing care, solve economic issues, and arrange the daily life of the sick and wounded Russian soldiers in Japanese captivity. The article provides assessment of this activity by people who received direct assistance from the Japanese side. The authors draw a conclusion that, during the studied period, the JRCS, while actually being a part of the Japanese armed forces, played a significant role in implementing the new humanitarian policy of the Japanese leadership. The JRCS was also the organizer of nursing in Japan according to American and European models. However, Western humanities scholars continued to view Japan as a “secondtier” country in need of mentoring from “Western teachers.”</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Русско-японская война</kwd><kwd>военнопленные</kwd><kwd>раненые</kwd><kwd>Красный Крест</kwd><kwd>медицинская помощь</kwd><kwd>Японский Красный Крест</kwd><kwd>Япония</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Russo-Japanese War</kwd><kwd>prisoners of war</kwd><kwd>wounded</kwd><kwd>Red Cross</kwd><kwd>medical care</kwd><kwd>Japanese Red Cross</kwd><kwd>Japan</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гущин А.В. Путь на Восток: отправка русских пленных в Японию в 1904—1905 годах // Исторический ежегодник. 2007. С. 35—44.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fedorova T.V. (2016). Rossiiskie voennoplennye v Yaponii v period russko-yaponskoi voiny 1904—1905 gg. [Russian Prisoners of War in Japan During the Russo-Japanese War of 1904—1905]. Kul'tura. Nauka. Obrazovaniye [Culture. Science. Education], 2, 104—114. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Здравомыслов Я. Полгода в Пекине и неделя в Токио // Труды I съезда врачей Приамурского края 23—24 августа 1913 г. в г. Хабаровске. Хабаровск, 1914. С. 279—304.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gushchin A.V. (2007). Put' na Vostok: otpravka russkikh plennykh v Yaponiyu v 1904—1905 godakh [The Path to the East: Sending Russian Prisoners to Japan in 1904— 1905]. Istoricheskii yezhegodnik [Historical Yearbook], 35—44. (In Russian). Koloskova, E.E. (2005). V plenu [In Captivity]. Rodina, 10, 135—142 (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Обзор деятельности центрального справочного бюро о военнопленных во время Русско-японской войны / сост. Е.А. Бухе. Санкт-Петербург, 1907. Федорова Т.В. Российские военнопленные в Японии в период русско-японской войны 1904—1905 гг. // Культура. Наука. Образование. 2016.№ 2. С. 104—114.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Obzor deyatel'nosti tsentral'nogo spravochnogo byuro o voyennoplennykh vo vremya Russko+yaponskoi voiny. (1907). [Review of the Activities of the Central Information Bureau on Prisoners of War During the Russo-Japanese War]. Saint Petersburg. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Якобзон Л. Я. Народное здравие и медицина в Японии // Япония и ее обитатели. Санкт-Петербург: Брокгауз — Ефрон. 1904. С. 159—170.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yakobzon, L.Ya. (1904). Narodnoe zdravie i meditsina v Yaponii [Public Health and Medicine in Japan]. In Yaponiya i ee obitateli [Japan and Its Inhabitants]. Saint Petersburg. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zdravomyslov, Y.A., (1914). Polgoda v Pekine i nedelya v Tokio [Six Months in Beijing and a Week in Tokyo]. In Trudy pervogo s'ezda vrachei Priamurskogo kraya 23— 24 avgusta 1913 g. v g. Khabarovske [Proceedings of the 1st Congress of Physicians of the Amur Territory on August 23—24, 1913, in Khabarovsk]. Khabarovsk. (In Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zdravomyslov, Y.A., (1914). Polgoda v Pekine i nedelya v Tokio [Six Months in Beijing and a Week in Tokyo]. In Trudy pervogo s'ezda vrachei Priamurskogo kraya 23— 24 avgusta 1913 g. v g. Khabarovske [Proceedings of the 1st Congress of Physicians of the Amur Territory on August 23—24, 1913, in Khabarovsk]. Khabarovsk. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ariga, Nagao. (1911). Nichiro rikusen kokusai hôron [International Law Theory on the Russo-Japanese Land War]. Tokyo: Kaikôsha. P. 404. (In Japаnese).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ariga, Nagao. (1911). Nichiro rikusen kokusai hôron [International Law Theory on the Russo-Japanese Land War]. Tokyo: Kaikôsha. P. 404. (In Japаnese).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hiraiwa, Takahiko. (2004). Nagoya to Matsuyama no shûyôjo hikaku [Comparison of the Camps in Nagoya and Matsuyama]. In Matsuyama no kioku — Nichiro sensô 100+nen to Roshia+hei horyo [Matsuyama Memories: 100 Years of the Russo-Japanese War and Russian POWs] (pp. 76—77). Matsuyama: Matsuyama daigaku. (In Japаnese).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hiraiwa, Takahiko. (2004). Nagoya to Matsuyama no shûyôjo hikaku [Comparison of the Camps in Nagoya and Matsuyama]. In Matsuyama no kioku — Nichiro sensô 100+nen to Roshia+hei horyo [Matsuyama Memories: 100 Years of the Russo-Japanese War and Russian POWs] (pp. 76—77). Matsuyama: Matsuyama daigaku. (In Japаnese).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hotta, Shin'ichirô. (2004). Nichiro sensô no Roshiagun horyo to Aichiken — Nagoya o chûshin ni [Russian Prisoners of the Russo-Japanese War and Aichi Prefecture, With a Focus on Nagoya]. Aichiken+shi kenkyû [Aichi Prefecture History Research], 8, March 2004, 1—15. (In Japаnese).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hotta, Shin'ichirô. (2004). Nichiro sensô no Roshiagun horyo to Aichiken — Nagoya o chûshin ni [Russian Prisoners of the Russo-Japanese War and Aichi Prefecture, With a Focus on Nagoya]. Aichiken+shi kenkyû [Aichi Prefecture History Research], 8, March 2004, 1—15. (In Japаnese).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Meiji sanjû nana hachi+nen sen'eki furyo toriatsukai tenmatsu. (1907). [Treatment Details of POWs During the 1904—1905 (Meiji 37—38) War]. Rikugun daijin kanbô [Army Minister's Office], Tokyo: Yuhikaku. Pp. 13—14, 21—22 (Table 2), 23—24, 26, 28, 30 (Table 5), 117—119, 130 (Table 20, Table 21), 171—177. (In Japаnese).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Meiji sanjû nana hachi+nen sen'eki furyo toriatsukai tenmatsu. (1907). [Treatment Details of POWs During the 1904—1905 (Meiji 37—38) War]. Rikugun daijin kanbô [Army Minister's Office], Tokyo: Yuhikaku. Pp. 13—14, 21—22 (Table 2), 23—24, 26, 28, 30 (Table 5), 117—119, 130 (Table 20, Table 21), 171—177. (In Japаnese).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nichiro sensô Sekijûji: Kinen hôten. (1906). [The Red Cross During the Russo-Japanese War: Memorial Treasure Book]. Tokyo: Chuaisha. P. 131—132, 196. (In Japаnese).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nichiro sensô Sekijûji: Kinen hôten. (1906). [The Red Cross During the Russo-Japanese War: Memorial Treasure Book]. Tokyo: Chuaisha. P. 131—132, 196. (In Japаnese).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nihon Sekijûjisha+shikô. (1911). [The History of the Japanese Red Cross Society]. Tokyo: Japanese Red Cross Society. Pp. 686—687,1339, 1342, 1344, 1344—1345, 1346—1347, 1347—1348, 1352, 1361—1362, 1363, 1364, 1366, 1386—1392, 1413, 1415—1417, 1420—1428, 1450, 1451—1454, 1452—1453, 1454, 1454—1455, 1457, 1459—1460, 1460—1465, 1466—1474, 1478, 1547. (In Japаnese).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nihon Sekijûjisha+shikô. (1911). [The History of the Japanese Red Cross Society]. Tokyo: Japanese Red Cross Society. Pp. 686—687,1339, 1342, 1344, 1344—1345, 1346—1347, 1347—1348, 1352, 1361—1362, 1363, 1364, 1366, 1386—1392, 1413, 1415—1417, 1420—1428, 1450, 1451—1454, 1452—1453, 1454, 1454—1455, 1457, 1459—1460, 1460—1465, 1466—1474, 1478, 1547. (In Japаnese).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nishikawa, Yukiko. (2005). Japan’s Changing Role in Humanitarian Crisis. (In English). Ookuma, Hideji. (2011). Nichiro sensô no uragawa “Daini no kaikoku”: Nippon rettô ni jôriku shita Roshia+gun horyo nana mannin [Behind the Scenes of the Russo-Japanese War: “The Second Opening of Japan”: 70,000 Russian Prisoners of War Landed on the Japanese Archipelago]. Tokyo: Sairyusha. P. 166. (In Japаnese).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nishikawa, Yukiko. (2005). Japan’s Changing Role in Humanitarian Crisis. (In English). Ookuma, Hideji. (2011). Nichiro sensô no uragawa “Daini no kaikoku”: Nippon rettô ni jôriku shita Roshia+gun horyo nana mannin [Behind the Scenes of the Russo-Japanese War: “The Second Opening of Japan”: 70,000 Russian Prisoners of War Landed on the Japanese Archipelago]. Tokyo: Sairyusha. P. 166. (In Japаnese).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tachikawa, Kyôichi, Shuku, Haruhiko. (2008). Kenkyû nôto. Seifu oyobi gun to ICRC-nado to no kankei: Nisshin sensô kara Taiheiyô sensô made [Research Notes. Japanese Political and Military Authorities and the International Committee of the Red Cross: Since the Sino-Japanese War to Pacific War (WW2)]. Bôei kenkyûjo kiyô [Bulletin of the National Institute for Defense Studies], Vol. 11, No. 1, November. Tokyo. Pp. 102, 104, 105, 108, 109—110 (In Japаnese).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tachikawa, Kyôichi, Shuku, Haruhiko. (2008). Kenkyû nôto. Seifu oyobi gun to ICRC-nado to no kankei: Nisshin sensô kara Taiheiyô sensô made [Research Notes. Japanese Political and Military Authorities and the International Committee of the Red Cross: Since the Sino-Japanese War to Pacific War (WW2)]. Bôei kenkyûjo kiyô [Bulletin of the National Institute for Defense Studies], Vol. 11, No. 1, November. Tokyo. Pp. 102, 104, 105, 108, 109—110 (In Japаnese).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Retrieved May 15, 2025, from https://dl.ndl.go.jp/pid/1282596</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Retrieved May 15, 2025, from https://dl.ndl.go.jp/pid/1282596</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Towle P. (2003). Japanese Prisoners of War. (In English). White T., Linthicum R. (1904). The War Between Japan and Russia: The Complete Story of the Desperate Struggle Between Two Great Nations. Chicago Chronicle. (In English).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Towle P. (2003). Japanese Prisoners of War. (In English). White T., Linthicum R. (1904). The War Between Japan and Russia: The Complete Story of the Desperate Struggle Between Two Great Nations. Chicago Chronicle. (In English).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
