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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">japanjournal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Японские исследования</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Japanese Studies in Russia</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2500-2872</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Association of Japanologists; Institute of China and Modern Asia of the Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.55105/2500-2872-2025-1-6-16</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">japanjournal-525</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Восприятие проблем японского общества через призму «критического буддизма»</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The perception of the problems of Japanese society through the prism of “Critical Buddhism”</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6531-4743</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лугавцова</surname><given-names>А. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lugavtsova</surname><given-names>A. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лугавцова Алёна Петровна, кандидат исторических наук, младший научный сотрудник отдела философии, культурологии и религиоведения, Института монголоведения, буддологии и тибетологии </p><p> 670047, г. Улан-Удэ, ул. Сахьяновой, 6 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Lugavtsova Alyona P., Candidate of Sciences (History), Junior Researcher, Department of Philosophy, Culturology and Religious Studies, Institute for Mongolian, Buddhist and Tibetan Studies</p><p>6, Sakhyanovoi St., UlanUde, 670047</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alena.karnap@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Сибирское отделение Российской академии наук (ИМБТ СО РАН)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IMBTS SB RAS)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>21</day><month>04</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>6</fpage><lpage>16</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Лугавцова А.П., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Лугавцова А.П.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Lugavtsova A.P.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.japanjournal.ru/jour/article/view/525">https://www.japanjournal.ru/jour/article/view/525</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье рассматривается «критический буддизм» – направление в японской буддийской философии, получившее распространение с 1980-х гг. и поставившее под сомнение «истинность» как самого японского буддизма, так и всей дальневосточной буддийской традиции из-за их грубых расхождений с индийскими корнями учения. Главными идеологами движения выступали Мацумото Сиро: и Хакамая Нориаки, профессора университета Комадзава и последователи школы Со:то:. Автор анализирует социальный аспект их критики, на начальных стадиях развития «критического буддизма» вызвавший наибольший резонанс. Утверждая, что из-за многовекового навязывания населению идей «природы Будды» и «исконного просветления» японский буддизм фактически породил и поддерживал угнетение буракумин (японских «неприкасаемых»), Хакамая и Мацумото обвиняли само учение и его приверженцев (включая себя) в отходе от настоящих заветов Будды, ключевым из которых являлось отречение от собственной самости ради другого. Распространение доктрин о мнимом равенстве, по Хакамая и Мацумото, закрепляло существующие в обществе проблемы, лишая верующих необходимости делать какой-либо морально неприятный выбор, поскольку, если во всем наличествовала «природа Будды», значит, и социальная дискриминация выступала угодным Будде положением дел. На примере разбора работ ученых показано, что какого-либо компромиссного варианта дальнейшего сосуществования буддизма в Японии с доктринами хонгаку и «природы Будды» идеологи «критического буддизма» не искали ввиду изначально еретического характера таковых и тяжести нанесенного обществу вреда. Также отмечено, что на тезисы «критического буддизма» ответил японский феминизм, добавив к проблеме «кастовой» дискриминации в буддизме проблему гендерной дискриминации. Автор делает вывод, что данное движение, хоть и не смогло осуществить фундаментальных изменений в буддологии и в обществе, носило важный характер, поскольку еще раз обозначило важность этического аспекта буддизма и общественный запрос на реформирование буддизма в Японии в целом.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article examines the so-called “Critical Buddhism,” which is a specific trend in Japanese Buddhist philosophy that has become widespread since the 1980s and has questioned the “truth” of both Japanese Buddhism itself and the entire Far Eastern Buddhist tradition due to their gross discrepancies with the Indian roots of the teaching. The main ideologists of the movement were Matsumoto Shirō and Hakamaya Noriaki, professors at Komazawa University and followers of the Sōtō school. The author analyzes the social aspect of their criticism, which caused the greatest resonance at the initial stages of development of “Critical Buddhism.” Arguing that Japanese Buddhism had actually created and supported the oppression of the Burakumin (Japanese “untouchables”) by imposing the ideas of “Buddha-nature” and “original enlightenment” on the population over the centuries, Hakamaya and Matsumoto accused the teaching itself and its adherents (including themselves) of departing from the true precepts of the Buddha, the key one of which was the renunciation of one’s own self for the sake of another. The spread of doctrines of imaginary equality, according to Hakamaya and Matsumoto, reinforced the existing problems in society, depriving believers of the need to make any unpleasant moral choices, since, if “Buddha-nature” was present in everything, then social discrimination was also a state of affairs pleasing to Buddha himself. By analyzing academic studies of the ideologists of “Critical Buddhism,” it is shown that they did not seek any compromise option for further coexistence of Buddhism in Japan with the doctrines of hongaku and “Buddha-nature” due to their initially heretical nature and the severity of the harm inflicted on society. It is also shown how Japanese feminism actively responded to the agenda of “Critical Buddhism,” adding gender discrimination, which had not gone away, to caste discrimination in Buddhism. The author concludes that this movement, although unable to bring about fundamental changes in Buddhology and society, was not in vain, since it once again highlighted the importance of the ethical aspect of Buddhism and the public demand for reforming Buddhism in Japan. </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Япония</kwd><kwd>буддизм</kwd><kwd>«критический буддизм»</kwd><kwd>общество</kwd><kwd>дискриминация</kwd><kwd>современность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Japan</kwd><kwd>Buddhism</kwd><kwd>Critical Buddhism</kwd><kwd>society</kwd><kwd>discrimination</kwd><kwd>modernity</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено в рамках государственного задания (проект «Трансформация направлений и школ буддизма: история и опыт взаимодействия с религиями и верованиями России, Центральной и Восточной Азии (с периода распространения буддизма до современности: Россия – ХVIII-XXI вв.; Китай – II-XXI вв.; Тибет – VII-XXI вв.; Монголия – ХVIXXI вв.»), № 121031000261-9).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The research was carried out within the state assignment (project “Transformation of Buddhist Trends and Schools: History and Experience of Interaction with Religions and Beliefs of Russia, Central and East Asia (from the Period of Spread of Buddhism to the Present: Russia – 18th – 21st Centuries; China – 2nd – 21st; Tibet – 7th – 21st Centuries; Mongolia – 16th – 21st Centuries)” № 121031000261-9).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лепехова Е.С. 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