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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">japanjournal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Японские исследования</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Japanese Studies in Russia</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2500-2872</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Association of Japanologists; Institute of China and Modern Asia of the Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.55105/2500-2872-2022-4-6-19</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">japanjournal-307</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Японо-иранские отношения в послевоенный период:  «ближневосточная дилемма» для Японии</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Japan-Iran relations in the post-war era:  The Middle Eastern dilemma for Japan</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бушуева</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bushueva</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бушуева Анна Сергеевна, аспирант кафедры востоковедения</p><p>119454, Москва, проспект Вернадского, д. 76</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Bushueva Anna S., postgraduate student, Department of Oriental Studies</p><p>76 Prospect Vernadskogo, Moscow, 119454</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">bushueva.a.s@my.mgimo.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский государственный институт международных отношений (Университет) МИД России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow State Institute of International Relations (University) Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>05</day><month>01</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>6</fpage><lpage>19</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Бушуева А.С., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Бушуева А.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bushueva A.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.japanjournal.ru/jour/article/view/307">https://www.japanjournal.ru/jour/article/view/307</self-uri><abstract><p>После Исламской революции 1979 г. Иран не изменил свою политику по отношению к Японии, которая не только воспринималась в отрыве от Запада, но и была для него крупным сырьевым покупателем и потенциальным экономическим донором. В свою очередь, Японии приходилось проводить в отношении Ирана политику неустойчивого балансирования, координируя свою ближневосточную политику со своим стратегическим союзником Соединёнными Штатами и одновременно пытаясь сохранить тесные связи с Ираном, важные с точки зрения обеспечения энергетической безопасности. В статье показано, каким образом Япония пыталась лавировать между этими двумя странами: она предпринимала шаги по реализации крупных экономических проектов в энергетическом секторе Ирана, ограничению санкций, которые были с её стороны минимальными и т.д., и одновременно участвовала в антииранской кампании стран Запада, проводившейся под давлением со стороны США или под влиянием крупных потрясений в регионе (например, ирано-иракской войны). С описанной выше «ближневосточной дилеммой» Япония продолжает сталкиваться и на современном этапе. Отчасти её могло бы разрешить подписание Совместного всеобъемлющего плана действий по иранской ядерной программе в 2015 г., если бы два года спустя при администрации президента США Д. Трампа не произошло значительное ухудшение американо-иранских отношений. Впрочем, в этот период Япония успешно опробовала свой посреднический потенциал, воспользовавшись хорошими отношениями с обеими сторонами конфликта: с одной стороны, она отказалась участвовать в операции США в Ормузском проливе, с другой – поставила на паузу разморозку иранских средств в своих банках, заблокированных после введения санкций администрацией президента США Д. Трампа. Фактором риска для ближневосточной политики Японии стала в последнее время активизация в регионе Китая, который стремится воспользоваться ослаблением позиций США и занять образовавшийся вакуум, о чём свидетельствует подписание в марте 2021 г. соглашения о всеобъемлющем партнёрстве между Пекином и Тегераном. Это подталкивает Японию к целенаправленному укреплению своих позиций в Иране и расширению там своего присутствия. Как представляется, подходы Японии к решению «ближневосточной дилеммы» заслуживают особого внимания и в дальнейшем. </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>After the 1979 Islamic Revolution, Iran did not change its policy towards Japan, which was not only perceived separately from the West, but was also a major customer of its raw resources and a potential economic donor. In turn, Japan had to pursue the policy of unstable balancing towards Iran, by coordinating its Middle Eastern policy with its strategic ally, the United States, and simultaneously trying to preserve close ties with Iran, which were important from the point of view of maintaining energy security. The article shows how Japan tried to maneuver between these two countries: it took steps to realize large-scale economic projects in Iran’s energy sector, to limit sanctions, which were minimal on its side, etc., and simultaneously participated in the anti-Iran campaign pursued by Western countries under the pressure of the US, or under the influence of major crises in the region (for example, the Iran-Iraq War). Japan continues to face this “Middle Eastern dilemma” in present times as well. It could partly have been solved by the signing of the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action on the Iranian nuclear program in 2015, were it not for the fact that, two years later, under the US administration of Donald Trump, the US-Iran relations worsened significantly. Nevertheless, in this period, Japan successfully tried its mediatory potential, making use of its good relations with both parties of the conflict: on the one hand, it refused to participate in the US operation in the Strait of Hormuz, on the other, it halted the unfreezing of Iran’s funds in its banks, which had been blocked after the introduction of sanctions by the US administration of Donald Trump. Recently, the activization of China in the region has become a factor of risk for Japan’s Middle Eastern policy, as China tries to use the weaking positions of the US and to occupy the vacuum that was left in its wake, which is illustrated by the signing of the Comprehensive Strategic Partnership agreement between Beijing and Tehran in March 2021. This forces Japan to deliberately strengthen its positions and expand its presence in Iran. It appears that Japan’s approaches to solving the “Middle Eastern dilemma” deserve special attention in the future as well.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>японо-иранские отношения</kwd><kwd>«ближневосточная дилемма»</kwd><kwd>внешняя политика Японии</kwd><kwd>ирано-иракская война</kwd><kwd>японо-американский альянс</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Japan-Iran relations</kwd><kwd>Middle Eastern dilemma</kwd><kwd>Japan’s foreign policy</kwd><kwd>Iran-Iraq war</kwd><kwd>Japan-U.S. alliance</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Арутюнян Е.В. Энергетическая дипломатия Японии в странах Персидского залива в контексте трёх нефтяных кризисов // Ежегодник Япония. 2008. Т. 37. Москва: Ассоциация японоведов. С. 52–67.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Arutyunyan, E. (2008). 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