japanjournalЯпонские исследованияJapanese Studies in Russia2500-2872Association of Japanologists; Institute of China and Modern Asia of the Russian Academy of Sciences10.55105/2500-2872-2022-3-69-83japanjournal-280Research ArticleСтатьиНовое японское законодательство в отношении айнов: проблема соответствия международным стандартам в сфере прав коренных народовAinu Policy Promotion Act: The problem of compliance with international standards on the rights of indigenous peoplesЧекунковаЕ. С.ChekunkovaE. S.

Чекункова Екатерина Сергеевна, кандидат исторических наук, доцент кафедры востоковедения

620002, г. Екатеринбург, ул. Мира, 19

Chekunkova Ekaterina S., Candidate of Sciences (History), Associate Professor, Department of Oriental Studies

620002, Yekaterinburg, Mira St., 19

e_chekunkova@mail.ruУральский федеральный университетРоссияUral Federal UniversityRussian Federation202208102022036983Copyright © Чекункова Е.С., 20222022Чекункова Е.С.Chekunkova E.S.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.japanjournal.ru/jour/article/view/280

Статья посвящена анализу особенностей современной этнической политики Японии, а также рассмотрению основных положений Закона «О продвижении мер по созданию общества, в котором уважается гордость народа айну», принятого в 2019 г. Проблема соответствия японской политики в отношении айнов международным стандартам в сфере защиты прав аборигенных этносов активно обсуждается сегодня зарубежными исследователями. Однако она малоизучена в отечественной историографии, таким образом, данная работа является попыткой восполнить этот пробел. В статье рассматриваются основные положения закона 2019 г., раскрывается точка зрения представителей айнов по поводу предпринимаемых государством мер. Было выяснено, что большое влияние на японскую политику оказывает мнение международного сообщества, которое стало для айнов рычагом воздействия на правительство. Доказано, что механизмы реализации и обеспечения прав айнов в Японии несовершенны и не в полной мере соответствуют Декларации ООН о правах коренных народов. Основными проблемными вопросами являются коллективные права, дискриминация, представительство айнов в органах власти, развитие этнического образования и пр. 

This article is devoted to the analysis of the Act on Promoting Measures to Realize a Society in Which the Pride of the Ainu People Is Respected (Act No. 16 of 2019). The problem of compliance of Japan's Ainu policy with international standards in the sphere of protection of indigenous peoples' human rights is actively discussed today by foreign researchers. However, it is hardly studied in the Russian historiography. The article discusses the main provisions of the new legislation and reveals the point of view of the Ainu representatives about the measures taken by the government. It has been found out that Japan's Ainu policy is greatly influenced by the position of international community towards the rights of indigenous peoples. International law has become the main lever of influence on the government for the Ainu people. It has been proven that the mechanisms for promotion and protection of the rights of the Ainu in Japan are imperfect and do not fully comply with the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples. The main issues facing the Ainu are discrimination, collective rights, indigenous representation in the government, development of ethnic education, etc. 

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.