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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">japanjournal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Японские исследования</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Japanese Studies in Russia</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2500-2872</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Association of Japanologists; Institute of China and Modern Asia of the Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.55105/2500-2872-2022-3-6-22</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">japanjournal-276</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Художественные особенности пьедесталов, нимбов, мандорл японских буддийских скульптур</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Artistic features of pedestals, halos, mandorlas of Japanese Buddhist sculptures</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7908-8978</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кужель</surname><given-names>Ю. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuzhel</surname><given-names>Yu. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кужель Юрий Леонидович, доктор искусствоведения, профессор кафедры иностранных языков</p><p>125499, Москва, Кронштадтский бульвар, 43-а</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kuzhel Yuriy L., Doctor of Art History, Professor, Department of Foreign Languages</p><p>125499, Moscow, Kronshtadtsky Bull., 433-a</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">korkyr@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5836-1747</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бреславец</surname><given-names>Т. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Breslavets</surname><given-names>T. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бреславец Татьяна Иосифовна, кандидат филологических наук, профессор кафедры японоведения</p><p>690922, Владивосток, Русский остров, Аякс, 10, 20D</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Breslavets Tatiana I., PhD (Philology), Professor, Japanese Studies Department, Oriental Institute – School of Regional and International Studies</p><p>690922, Vladivostok, Russky Island, Ayaks, 20D, 10</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">breslavets.ti@dvfu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский государственный университет спорта и туризма</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow State University for Sports and Tourism</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Дальневосточный федеральный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Far Eastern Federal University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>08</day><month>10</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>6</fpage><lpage>22</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кужель Ю.Л., Бреславец Т.И., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кужель Ю.Л., Бреславец Т.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kuzhel Y.L., Breslavets T.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.japanjournal.ru/jour/article/view/276">https://www.japanjournal.ru/jour/article/view/276</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье описываются и анализируются важные иконографические элементы буддийской культовой скульптуры, отличающиеся большим разнообразием и смысловой наполненностью.Внимание акцентируется на этимологии и семантике пьедесталов, на которых возвышаются скульптуры – в основном сидят или стоят. Благодаря пьедесталам скульптура отделялась от повседневного профанического мира, подчёркивался её статус в иерархии буддийских божеств, демонстрировался возвышенный сакральный характер. Очевидно, что набор пьедесталов достаточно разнообразен. Прослеживается богатство его форм – от простых постаментов, невысоких баз, но имеющих символический смысл, до сложных архитектурных сооружений. Классический пьедестал-трон, являвший каскад из лотосовых цветов, на котором восседали самые значимые представители буддийского мира, выступал манифестацией их божественного происхождения и нравственной чистоты. Исследуются специфические черты пьедесталов – трон как семантический аналог священной горы Сумеру, а также зооморфные троны с различными ездовыми птицами и животными, занимавшие значительное место в многообразном наборе пьедесталов.Установлено, что лучезарные нимбы в виде дисков, пламенных окружностей, мандорлы вокруг корпуса скульптуры, испускающие лучи, различаются по форме и стилистике. Анализируется их символическая эстетика, рассказывающая о персонажах, их предназначении и роли в сонме буддийских божеств. Нимбы над головой как символ святости имеют простые геометрические формы круга, обруча, а в некоторых случаях вытянуты вверху и украшены символами. Мандорлы богато декорированы, художественно изысканны, демонстрируют мастерство ювелирного искусства. Они придают фигурам царственную величавость и праздничность. Отмечено, что яркость изображений усиливается за счёт золотого блеска, а светозарность образов является причиной искусной орнаментации мандорл и их насыщенного украшения. Мандорлы, за основу которых взят лепесток лотоса, представляют живописный фон и структурно объединяют скульптурную группу.Сделаны выводы о том, что узоры на пьедесталах, нимбах и мандорлах составляют важный элемент композиции, свидетельствуя об уникальности декоративных решений. Выработанные на протяжении веков типы пьедесталов, часто с нависающими ажурными балдахинами, разнообразные, завершённые по форме ореолы и мандорлы способствовали обогащению пластических образов. Статья даёт представление о том, насколько многообразно в японской иконографии представлены такие важные информационные знаки буддийской скульптуры, как пьедесталы, нимбы и мандорлы.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article describes and analyzes important iconographic elements of Buddhist cult sculpture, which are distinguished by great diversity and semantic content. Attention is focused on the etymology and semantics of the pedestals on which the sculptures stand or sit. Thanks to the pedestals, the sculpture was separated from the everyday profane world, its status in the hierarchy of Buddhist deities was emphasized, and its sublime sacral character was demonstrated. It turns out that the arsenal of pedestals is quite diverse. The richness of its forms is traced – from simple pedestals, low bases, which still have a symbolic meaning, to complex architectural structures. The classic pedestal-throne, representing a cascade of lotus flowers, on which prominent characters of the Buddhist world sat, was a manifestation of their divine origin and moral purity. The specific features of the pedestals are studied – the throne as a semantic analogue of the sacred mountain Sumeru, as well as zoomorphic thrones with various mounts and animals, which occupied a significant place in the diverse set of pedestals.It has been established that radiant halos in the form of disks, fiery circles, mandorlas around the body of the sculpture, which are emitting rays, differ in form and style. Their symbolic aesthetics, which tell about the characters, their purpose and role in the Buddhist world, is considered. Mandorlas, based on a lotus petal, make up the picturesque background of the figures and compositionally unite the sculptural group. While halos above the head as a symbol of holiness most often have simple geometric shapes of a circle, or a hoop, and, in some cases, they are elongated at the top and decorated with symbols, mandorlas are always richly decorated, artistically refined and look as if woven from patterns. They give the figures a regal majesty and festivity. It is noted that the brightness of the images is enhanced by the golden sheen, and the luminosity of the images is the reason for the skillful ornamentation of the mandorlas and their rich decoration.It is concluded that patterns on pedestals, halos, and mandorlas are an important element of the composition, indicating the uniqueness of decorative solutions. The types of pedestals worked out over the centuries, often with overhanging openwork canopies, various halos and mandorlas completed in form, contributed to the enrichment of plastic images. The article gives an idea of how diversely such important informational signs of Buddhist deities as pedestals, halos, and mandorlas are presented in Japanese iconography.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Япония</kwd><kwd>пьедестал</kwd><kwd>нимб</kwd><kwd>мандорла</kwd><kwd>символ</kwd><kwd>скульптура</kwd><kwd>будда</kwd><kwd>бодхисаттва</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Japan</kwd><kwd>pedestal</kwd><kwd>halo</kwd><kwd>mandorla</kwd><kwd>symbol</kwd><kwd>sculpture</kwd><kwd>buddha</kwd><kwd>bodhisattva</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Герасимова М.П. Воображение японцев // Историческая психология и социология истории. 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