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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">japanjournal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Японские исследования</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Japanese Studies in Russia</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2500-2872</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Association of Japanologists; Institute of China and Modern Asia of the Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.55105/2500-2872-2022-2-80-94</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">japanjournal-259</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>О роли США в японо-европейских отношениях: актуальна ли концепция трилатерализма?</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>On the role of the US in EU-Japan relations:  Is trilateralism still on agenda?</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2778-2554</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чижевская</surname><given-names>М. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chizhevskaya</surname><given-names>M. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Чижевская Мария Павловна, преподаватель департамента востоковедения и африканистики</p><p>190068, Санкт-Петербург, наб. кан. Грибоедова, 123</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Chizhevskaya Maria P., lecturer </p><p>16, Soyuza Pechatnikov str., St.Petersburg, 199008</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">maria.chizhevskaya@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики в Санкт-Петербурге» (НИУ ВШЭ (СПб))</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Research University Higher School of Economics in St. Petersburg</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>04</day><month>07</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>80</fpage><lpage>94</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Чижевская М.П., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Чижевская М.П.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Chizhevskaya M.P.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.japanjournal.ru/jour/article/view/259">https://www.japanjournal.ru/jour/article/view/259</self-uri><abstract><p>Статья посвящена анализу актуальности трилатерализма, т.е. «особых» отношений внутри треугольника США – ЕС – Япония, в современных международных условиях. Идея о существовании «трёх столпов» была предложена японским премьер-министром Икэда Хаято в 1962 г. Позже, в 1980-х гг., её развил японский дипломат Овада Хисаси. Эта концепция традиционно использовалась исследователями 1990–2000-х гг. для объяснения текущего положения дел в японо-европейских отношениях и их места в мировой политике. Действительно, в условиях доминирования «западного мира», куда как раз традиционно и входили США, Западная Европа и Япония, представляется естественным и логичным развивать отношения именно внутри этого треугольника. Однако японо-европейские отношения в течение всего послевоенного периода не оправдывали этих ожиданий и признавались его «слабой стороной». Сегодня, в ситуации, когда США активно строят новые альянсы в Индо-Тихоокеанском регионе, вовлекая в них Австралию и Индию, а экономическое превосходство трёх крупнейших экономик оспаривается Китаем, сохранение треугольника как рабочей политической модели начинает ставиться под сомнение.</p><p>Статья, главным образом, отвечает на вопрос, можно ли на современном этапе говорить о треугольнике как о действующей политической системе, которая характеризуется взаимозависимостью всех трёх входящих в неё акторов. Автор рассматривает истоки этой концепции, причины, по которым именно японская сторона предложила такое видение трёхсторонних отношений, роль США в японо-европейских отношениях. Анализируя основные решения администраций Д. Трампа и Дж. Байдена в отношении своих «младших партнёров» – ЕС и Японии, автор приходит к выводу, что непоследовательные, непредсказуемые решения Трампа привели к их сближению между собой, что позволяет с некоторой долей осторожности говорить о взаимозависимости между тремя сторонами. Однако более последовательная, но лишённая идеализма в отношении союзников политика Байдена никак не отразилась на интенсивности отношений между Японией и ЕС, а, наоборот, открыла путь к поиску ими новых партнёрств. Ярким примером является подписание в январе 2022 г. соглашения о сотрудничестве в оборонной сфере между Японией и Австралией. При этом критерии, которые определяют выбор партнёров, связаны не с существованием той или иной концепции, в частности, трилатерализма, а с соображениями прагматического характера, продиктованными оценкой эффективности того или иного игрока.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This article is devoted to analyzing the contemporary configuration of relations inside the triad of the US, the European Union, and Japan, often addressed to as trilateral relations. The ‘three pillars’ theory, which is acknowledged to be a root of the trilateralism concept, was originally introduced by the Japanese Prime Minister Ikeda Hayato during his visit to Paris in 1962. Later, in the 1980s, it was developed by the Japanese diplomat Owada Hisashi, known for his active participation in the Hague declaration preparatory process. This concept was widely used by researchers in the 1990–2000s to explain current EU-Japan relations and their place in world politics. Indeed, it seems natural to develop cooperation between the participants of the so-called ‘triangle’, which dominated the world economically and shared common values of democracy, human rights, and free trade. Meanwhile, although the Transatlantic and Transpacific relations were highly developed due to security cooperation, the Japan-EU relations during the whole post-war period were far less advanced and thus were often called a ‘weak side’ of the triangle. Today, when the US is actively promoting new alliances in the Indo-Pacific region, engaging Australia and India, and the economic predominance of the three economies is challenged by China, addressing this triangle scheme as a working political relations model can be put in doubt.</p><p>The article argues that, presently, it is difficult to interpret the triangle as a working political model, which is characterized by mutual interdependence of the three engaging actors. The author looks at the roots of this concept, analyzes the reasons why it was the Japanese side who offered such a vision of the US-EC-Japan relations, the role of the US in Japan-Western Europe relations. After considering the decisions of the D. Trump and J. Biden administrations towards their ‘junior partners’, the author concludes that inconsistent, difficult to forecast policy of the Trump administration led to the strengthening of the EU-Japan relationship, which gives reason to point to a certain extent of interdependence between the participants of the triangle. However, the Biden administration’s policy, which seems to be more consistent, but short of idealism towards its allies, has not significantly influenced the EU-Japan relations so far. Rather, it opened the way to search for new partnerships. The conclusion of a defense pact between Japan and Australia in January 2022 is a good example of this process, showing that the partners’ choice is dictated not by a necessity to develop ‘trilateral’ relations, but by pragmatic assessment of effectiveness of this or that partnership.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>японо-европейские отношения</kwd><kwd>теория «трёх столпов»</kwd><kwd>Икэда Хаято</kwd><kwd>Овада Хисаси</kwd><kwd>трилатерализм</kwd><kwd>AUKUS</kwd><kwd>Quad</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Japan-EU relations</kwd><kwd>«three pillars» theory</kwd><kwd>Ikeda Hayato</kwd><kwd>Owada Hisashi</kwd><kwd>trilateralism</kwd><kwd>AUKUS</kwd><kwd>Quad</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено с использованием гранта Японского фонда.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The research is accomplished with the help of the Japan Foundation fellowship program.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Демчук Ф.Г. 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