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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">japanjournal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Японские исследования</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Japanese Studies in Russia</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2500-2872</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Association of Japanologists; Institute of China and Modern Asia of the Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24412/2500-2872-2022-1-78-94</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">japanjournal-238</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Японская эмиграция: от революции Мэйдзи до Второй мировой войны (практический и эмоциональный контекст)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Japanese emigration: From the Meiji Revolution to World War II (practical and emotional context)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6004-5743</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мещеряков</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Meshcheryakov</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мещеряков Александр Николаевич, доктор исторических наук, главный научный сотрудник, профессор Института классического Востока и античности</p><p>Москва, 105066, Старобасманная улица, 21/4</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Meshcheryakov Alexander N., Doctor of Sciences (History), Chief Researcher, Professor of the Institute of Oriental and Antiquity</p><p>21/4, Staraya Basmannaya, Moscow, 105066</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">meshtorop@yahoo.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики» (НИУ ВШЭ) </institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National research university “Higher school of economics” (HSE&#13;
University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>03</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>78</fpage><lpage>94</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Мещеряков А.Н., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Мещеряков А.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Meshcheryakov A.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.japanjournal.ru/jour/article/view/238">https://www.japanjournal.ru/jour/article/view/238</self-uri><abstract><p>В период Токугава население Японии стабилизировалось на уровне 31–32 млн человек. После революции Мэйдзи оно стало стремительно расти. Державно настроенные люди испытывали гордость и видели в умножении японцев знак того, что дела в стране идут как надо, однако у более реалистично мыслящих учѐных бурный рост населения вызывал отнюдь не восторг, а серьезную тревогу в связи с будущей нехваткой продовольствия и сопутствующих ей социальных взрывов. Для обоснования такого беспокойства обычно использовались алармистские идеи Мальтуса. Японские учѐные соглашались с ним, что бесконтрольное размножение таит в себе опасность, но возражали против добровольного ограничения рождаемости, поскольку оно «противоречит человеческим чувствам». В качестве меры решения проблемы перенаселѐнности они предлагали эмиграцию, которую сам Мальтус считал средством паллиативным. Японское государство поощряло эмиграцию как в японские колонии (Тайвань, Корея), так и в другие страны (прежде всего, в США и Латинскую Америку). Однако эта эмиграция не приобрела действительного массового характера и не смогла смягчить демографическое давление внутри Японии. Главной причиной стала эмоциональная привязанность японцев к своей малой родине, на что раньше не обращалось достаточного внимания. Однако сами поборники эмиграции выделяли именно этот фактор и считали его за недостаток в национальном характере. Несмотря на призывы правительства и сторонников эмиграции пожертвовать этой любовью ради блага всей страны и эмигрировать, преодолеть еѐ так и не удалось. Самая крупная компания по переселению в Маньчжурию также закончилась провалом. Планы тоталитарного государства и любовь японца к малой родине находились в антагонистических отношениях.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>During the Tokugawa period, Japan’s population stabilized at 31–32 million. After the Meiji revolution, it began to grow rapidly. Some people were proud and saw in the multiplication of the Japanese a sign that things were going well in the country, but, for the more realistic-minded scholars, the rapid population growth caused not delight, but most serious alarm because of future food shortages and social explosions. Malthus’s alarmist ideas were used to validate such concerns. Japanese scientists agreed with him that uncontrolled reproduction was dangerous but objected to birth control because it “contradicted human feelings.” As a solution to the problem of overpopulation, they proposed emigration, which Malthus himself considered a palliative measure. The Japanese state encouraged emigration both to the Japanese colonies (Taiwan, Korea) and to other countries (primarily to the United States and Latin America). However, this emigration was not large-scale enough and was unable to alleviate the demographic pressure within Japan. The main reason was the emotional attachment of the Japanese to their small homeland, which had not received sufficient attention before. However, the advocates of emigration themselves singled out precisely this factor and considered it a shortcoming of the national character. Despite calls from the government and supporters of emigration to sacrifice this attachment for the good of the whole country and emigrate, this attachment was never overcome. The largest resettlement campaign to emigrate to Manchuria also ended in failure. The plans of the totalitarian state and the love of the Japanese for their home were in an antagonistic relationship.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Япония</kwd><kwd>демография</kwd><kwd>перенаселѐнность</kwd><kwd>Мальтус</kwd><kwd>эмиграция</kwd><kwd>любовь к малой родине</kwd><kwd>контроль над рождаемостью</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Japan</kwd><kwd>demography</kwd><kwd>overpopulation</kwd><kwd>Malthus</kwd><kwd>emigration</kwd><kwd>love for homeland</kwd><kwd>birth control</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Краснов А.Н. По островам далекого Востока. Санкт-Петербург: редакция «Недели». 1895.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Katayama, Sen (1964). Vospominaniya [Memoirs]. Moscow: Nauka. 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